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Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are defined as tumor in bloodstream or metastasis-derived cells.It can monitor the progress of metastatic diseases and may play an important role in determining tailored therapies of advanced cancer.The new blood marker technology may be the starting point of a clinical trial to study the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors and the diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms and efficacy monitoring in the fulture.In the paper,role of CTCs in the diagnosis,prognosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms,monitoring efficacy and its prospect are reviewed.
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Homeobox gene is an important gene family of developmental regulatory in the body.It is highly conserved in the evolutionary process.It is widely found in nervous,digestive,respiratory,circulatory,blood and genitourinary system,involved in rcgulating the growth and development of individuals,cells' proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and other processes.The present studies show that the abnormal expressions of homeobox genes are closely related to the occurrence,development and prognosis of human multiple malignancies.In this paper,the research progress and prospect of the relationship between homeobox genes' family and development of digestive system tumors are reviewed.
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Homeobox gene is an important gene family of developmental regulatory in the body.It is highly conserved in the evolutionary process.It is widely found in nervous,digestive,respiratory,circulatory,blood and genitourinary system,involved in rcgulating the growth and development of individuals,cells' proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and other processes.The present studies show that the abnormal expressions of homeobox genes are closely related to the occurrence,development and prognosis of human multiple malignancies.In this paper,the research progress and prospect of the relationship between homeobox genes' family and development of digestive system tumors are reviewed.
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Objective Data on applications and grants of general program on health science of National Natural Science Fund from Shanghai First People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SFPH) during 2011-2014 were analyzed with an attempt to explore the ways to promote the funding rate.Methods x2 test and t test were performed,and a binary Logistic regression model was established to determine variables influencing the results of applications.Results There were 367 applications in SFPH during 2011-2014,86 of which were granted.The funding rate was higher than that of Department of Health Science.The total and highest impact factor of SCI articles published by applicants of granted programs were both higher than those of non-granted programs.The significance of these two factors in predicting whether an application will be granted was confirmed by the results of Logistic regression analysis.Conclusions SCI article is an important aspect of academic achievements of applicants,which is a prerequisite for an application to be granted.However,a scientific and innovative project may be critical for the outcome of an application.
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REG4,as a member of regenerating gene family,involves in proliferation and differentiation of gastrointestinal tract cells.Recent studies have shown that REG4 gene expression is upregulated in gastrointestinal cancer,pancreatic cancer,gallbladder cancer and prostate cancer,and associated with tumorigenesis,metastasis and poor prognosis of these carcinomas.Further studies have indicated that not only does REG4 play an important role in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal carcinoma,but also is closely linked with the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Objective In previous study,we carried out refined mapping of loss of heterzygosity (LOH) on 1q31.1-32.1 and found that a minimal region of frequent deletion was located at DIS413-D1S2622,which indicated that the region could harbor a tumor suppressor gene associated with colorectal carcinoma.This study was to screen for the potential tumor suppressor gene (TSG) on D1S413-D1S2622 in Chinese origin patients with sporadic colorectal cancer.Methods 25 genes located in the D1S413-D1S2622 region were chosen and a microarray-based high throughput screening conducted in 19 sporadic colorectal cancers to identify candidate tumor suppressor genes.The relationship between expression levels of candidate genes and the clinicopathological data was analyzed.Real-time PCR was performed to validate the microarray results.Results According to the microarray-based high throughput screening,we found 4 significantly down-expressed genes,including CSRP1,LMOD1,PPP1R12B and CFHL3.There was no significant association between of CFHL3,CSRP1,LMOD1,PPP1R12B expression and the clinicopathological data.CSRP1 could be a colorectal cancer related tumor suppressor gene.CSRP1 was down-regulated in colorectal cancer.Conclusions CSRP1 might be involved in the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Homebox genes are known to determine cell proliferation and differentiation and subsequently regulate the occurrence,development and prognosis of many tyhpes of malignant tumors in human.Some recent studies have shown that homebox genes are abnormally expressed in the esophageal,gastric,coloreetal and other gastrointestinal tumors.In this review,we consider that homebox genes may regulate the occurrence,development of gastrointestinal tumors by interacting with transcription factors in vivo and abnormal epigenetic modifications.Therefore,homebox genes are closely related to gastrointestinal tumors.
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Objective To screen for and validate unknown tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.Methods Through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis on chromosome 10 in sporadic CRC,we have found D10S185 (10q23.31-24.33 ) exhibit a higher LOH frequency in our previous study.In present study,we screen for unknown TSGs in this region through the microarray.The expression of the new gene was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were done in colorectal cancer tissues with their pair-matched normal tissues in 50 cases to validate the results of microarray.Results Through the microarray-based high throughput screening,we found 4 significant down-regulated genes:PLCE1,CPEB3,NKX2-3 and SEMA4G,among them the down-regulation of PLCE1 was most significant.The results of qRTPCR were in relative agreement with the DNA microarray data.RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry and Western blot also showed that the expression of PLCE1 was at low levels in 46％ cancer tissues compared with normal tissues,more frequent in the poor differentiation tumor in patients under age 60 years (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions This study demonstrated that down-regulation of PLCE1 was related to the tumorigenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer.PLCE1 might play a suppressive role in the development of colorectal cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of sustained silencing Forkhead box Ml (F0XM1) gene by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector on cell growth of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) in vitro.Methods Four shRNA expression vectors targeting different sequences of human F0XM1 mRNA were constructed.The expression vector with the best interfering effect and the negative control plasmid were used to transfect HCC cell line QGY-7703, stably transfected cell clones were selected by neomycin (G418).Cell growth was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation was assessed by clonogenic assay.Cell apoptosis was detected by double staining with APC conjugated Annexin V and PI.Results F0XM1 protein was detected with different levels in all these studied human cell lines.The expression vector shRNA-1026 exhibited excellent interference effect after transient transfection, which showed 38.5% and 53.2% reduction of FOXM1 mRNA and protein level respectively.The growth of QGY-7703 cells was inhibited after stable inhibition of FOXM1 expression by shRNA-1026, which was indicated by decreased absorbance value of the test group after culture for 48, 72 and 96 h compared to control group (t = 10.830,3.578 and 5.734 respectively, P ＜ 0.05).Stable inhibition of F0XM1 also led to reduced colony formation ( t = 5.336, P ＜ 0.05 ) and increased apoptosis of QGY-7703 cells in comparison to control cells (t = 6.827, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Stable silencing F0XM1 gene by shRNA suppresses the growth of HCC cells in vitro.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect putative suppressor loci involved in tumor progressing or metastases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty microsatellite marker primers were employed to amply the corresponding loci of the genome DNA from 83 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 377 PRISM sequencer and the fluorescent signals were analyzed by Genotyper and Genescan software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The data were obtained from 24 loci, with an average LOH frequency of 15.16%. The LOH at D2S206 and D2S364 was more frequent than 30%, and was less than 20% at the rest loci. Significant difference was observed between the percentage of LOH and tumor staging or differentiation at D2S142 (2q24.1), D2S126 (2q35), D2S2211 (2p24.2), D2S305 (2p23.3). Occarrence of deletion at the later two loci was correlative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Frequent LOH was not observed at the loci around known mismatch repair genes on chr. 2. The region between D2S305 (2p23.3) and D2S2211 (2p24.2) deleted holistically, and was correlated to the stage and differentiation of tumor attended by D2S142 (2q24.1) and D2S126 (2q35) on 2q. It is suggested that unknown genes associated with tumor progressing or metastases reside in the two loci on 2q or the region on 2p.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cell Differentiation , Chromosome Mapping , Colorectal Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Loss of Heterozygosity , Microsatellite Repeats , Neoplasm MetastasisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate and map the putative tumor suppressor loci on chromosome 5 involved in tumor progress or metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromosome 5 of 83 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer was systemically screened. Fifteen microsatellite marker primers labeled with 3 different fluorescents were used to amplify the corresponding loci of the genome DNA. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 377 PRISM sequencer and the fluorescent signals were analyzed with Genotyper and Genescan software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The highest loss of heterozygosity (LOH) ratio was found at D5S416 (48.15%) on 5p and at D5S471 (38.71%) on 5q. The region (5q13.3 - 31), where D5S471 and 3 neighboring loci (D5S428, D5S2027 and D5S2115) reside, presented high frequent LOH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The deletion of APC, MCC, CTNNA1 and IL cluster in the 5q 13.3 - 31.1 area play important role in the tumorogenesis of colorectal cancer, and the expected existence of another novel tumor suppressor gene on 5p is possible.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alleles , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 , Colorectal Neoplasms , Genetics , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Loss of Heterozygosity , Microsatellite Repeats , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 20 in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer to identify additional loci involved in colorectal tumorigenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 colorectal cancer patients' tumor and normal DNA by PCR. PCR products were electrophoresed on an 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 2.1 and Genotype 2.1 software were used in the LOH scanning and analysis. Comparisons between LOH frequency and clinicopathological data were performed by chi(2) test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average LOH frequency in the long arm, short arm and whole chromosome 20 was 21.1%, 26.7% and 22.8%, respectively. Chromosome 20 exhibited relatively high LOH frequency, particularly in the regions of 20p and 20q11.1-q13.1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is notable genetic instability on chromosome 20 in sporadic colorectal carcinoma patients; that is, mutation on chromosome 20 is closely associated with sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis. Also, there may be tumor suppressor genes related to sporadic colorectal carcinoma near the region 20q11.1-q13.1.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 , Colorectal Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Loss of Heterozygosity , Microsatellite RepeatsABSTRACT
Objective The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on tumor suppressor genes is believed to play a key role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. When LOH occurs at a tumor suppressor gene locus where one of the alleles is already abnormal, it can result in neoplastic transformation. In this study, we analyzed the LOH on the chromosome 22 in sporadic colorectal cancer to identify additional loci involved in colorectal tumorigenesis. Methods Six polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 cases of colorectal cancer and normal tissue DNA by PCR. PCR products were eletrophoresed on an ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer; Genescan 3.1 and Genotype 2.1 software were used for LOH scanning and analysis. Comparison between LOH frequency and clinicopathological data were performed by ? 2 test. Results The average LOH frequency on chromosome 22 was 27.27%. The region between markers D22S280 and D22S274 (22q12.2-q13.33) exhibited relatively high LOH frequency. The two highest LOH loci with frequencies of 35.09% and 34.04% was identified on D22S280 (22q12.2-q12.3) and D22S274 (22q13.32-q13.33). On D22S274 locus, LOH frequency of rectal cancer was 50% (9/18), which was higher than that of proximal colon cancer (12%, 2/17) ( P =0.018). The frequency of distal colon cancer was 42% (5/12), also higher than that of proximal colon cancer. But there was no statistical significance. Putting both the tumors in distal colon and rectum together into consideration, the frequency, 47% (14/30), was higher than that of proximal colon cancer ( P = 0.015 ),suggested the mechanism of carcinogenesis was different in both groups.Conclusion This study provided evidence for the involvement of putative tumor suppressor genes related to the sporadic colorectal carcinoma on chromosome 22q. The tumor suppressor gene(s) might locate on the 22q12.2-q12.3 and/or 22q13.32 -q13.33.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on anemia and blood transfusion requirements in perioperative patients.Methods21 cases, with abdominal surgery(with anemia before operation or with expected blood loss 400～600?ml were divided into two groups (study group or control group).The patients in the study group received subcutaneously rHuEPO 300?IU?kg -1 ?w -1 starting 2 weeks before operation for 3 times.Results In the study group,RBC,Hgb,Hct significantly increased to 0 36?10 12 /L?13 3?g/L and 3 8% respectively after rHuEPO therapy,intraoperative blood transfusion reduced significantly ( P